Dr. Amy’s Animal Corner: Heat Stroke in Dogs, Cats & Horses

Posted on Tuesday, August 5th, 2025

Welcome to our monthly blog series, Dr. Amy’s Animal Corner with Dr. Amy Brown, DVM. Dr. Brown is the Facility Veterinarian for the Algonquin College Veterinary Learning Centre & Clinic and is a Professor in the Algonquin College Veterinary Technician and Veterinary Assistant Programs.

Each month, you will get a sneak peek into some of the information our students learn while studying in the Veterinary field, learn more about our Veterinary programs, and get the opportunity to check out the animals that we help facilitate for adoption.

HEAT STROKE IN DOGS, CATS & HORSES: WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

When summer temperatures soar, our animals rely on us to keep them cool and safe. Heat stroke—a dangerous, potentially fatal condition caused by overheating—can affect pets of all shapes and sizes, from the dog at your side to the horse in your pasture.

But did you know that heat stroke doesn’t look the same in every species?

Understanding the differences and similarities in how dogs, cats, and horses experience and respond to heat is key to preventing emergencies. Here’s how these beloved animals cope with rising temperatures—and what you can do to protect them.

What Is Heat Stroke?

Heat stroke (or hyperthermia) occurs when an animal’s body temperature rises above its normal range and it can no longer cool itself effectively. Left untreated, it can cause organ failure, brain damage, and death.

Key Differences & Similarities

Feature

Dogs & Cats

Horses

Normal Temperature

100.5–102.5°F (37.8–39.2°C)

99–101°F (37.2–38.3°C)

Heat Stroke Threshold

104°F+ (40°C)

103–104°F+ (40°C)

Cooling Mechanisms

Panting (dogs), limited sweat glands (cats)

Profuse sweating, some respiratory cooling

Risk Triggers

Hot cars, overexertion, no shade/water, brachycephalic (short nosed breeds)

Intense exercise, high humidity, poor ventilation

Early Signs

Excessive panting, drooling, vomiting, weakness

Heavy sweating or absence of sweat, fast breathing, dullness

Advanced Symptoms

Collapse, seizures, disorientation

Staggering, colic signs, muscle tremors, collapse

Emergency Response

Cool with water & fans, vet care ASAP

Hose with cool water, scrape off excess, shade & airflow, vet care ASAP

 

Dogs & Cats: Subtle Signs, Fast Escalation

Dogs, especially flat-faced breeds (like Bulldogs or Pugs), are highly susceptible to overheating due to limited air exchange. Cats may hide their symptoms, making early detection more difficult.

Common Scenarios:

  • Being left in a car or garage
  • Excessive play or walks in midday sun
  • Poor ventilation in crates or apartments

Tips for Prevention:

  • Walk pets early or late in the day
  • Never leave them in parked cars
  • Provide constant access to cool water and shade
  • Use cooling mats or fans indoors

Horses: High Output, High Risk in Training

Horses generate enormous amounts of body heat during work, and while they sweat efficiently, high humidity or dehydration can block this cooling process. Transport in poorly ventilated trailers and turnout without shade can also contribute to heat stress.

Common Scenarios:

  • Training during peak heat hours
  • Summer competitions or trail rides
  • Poorly ventilated barns or trailers

Tips for Prevention:

  • Ride in the morning or evening
  • Provide shade and fresh water in turnout areas
  • Monitor for signs of overheating, even post-ride
  • Use fans, misting systems, and electrolyte supplements

Know the Signs — Act Fast

Regardless of species, heat stroke can escalate in minutes. Quick recognition and immediate cooling are critical.

If in doubt — stop, cool, and call your vet.

  • Cool water, not ice, for hosing or bathing
  • Shade and airflow
  • Small sips of water, not large gulps
  • Transport to a veterinarian even if symptoms improve

Final Thoughts: Shared Risks, Species-Specific Care

Whether you’re caring for a barn full of horses or a household full of pets, awareness is the first line of defense. While dogs, cats, and horses each have unique cooling mechanisms and heat risks, they all rely on us to recognize the danger signs and provide timely care.

Stay alert. Stay cool. And don’t hesitate to contact your vet if you suspect heat stroke — early action saves lives.

For further details on the Algonquin College Veterinary Technician program, Veterinary Assistant program, and our Pets for Adoption, please visit our website.


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